<div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:trebuchet ms,sans-serif;font-size:small;color:#000000"><br></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">---------- Forwarded message ---------<br>From: <strong class="gmail_sendername" dir="auto">Heather Morrison</strong> <span dir="auto"><<a href="mailto:Heather.Morrison@uottawa.ca">Heather.Morrison@uottawa.ca</a>></span><br>Date: Mon, 20 Apr 2020 at 16:04<br>Subject: Re: [SCHOLCOMM] Fostering Bibliodiversity in Scholarly Communications: A Call for Action<br>To: ACRL Scholarly Communication Discussion List <<a href="mailto:scholcomm@lists.ala.org">scholcomm@lists.ala.org</a>><br></div><br><br>
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Regarding Richard's question about the adequacy of translation technologies - a comment and question for Kathleen:</div>
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Comment: although I am not an expert in translation, because I work in an English / French bilingual environment, I need to translate on a near-daily basis. Automated translation tools such as Google translate are very helpful, however at minimum it is always
necessary to double-check a translation by re-translating back to the original language. The results often do not match the intention of the original. English and French have more similarities in terms of historical roots and borrowing of words than many other
language pairs. For this reason, I am sceptical of claims that automated translation is or will be sufficient for scholarly purposes for any language pairing within the next few years. </div>
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Kathleen: </div>
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You state that your colleagues assure you that translation technologies are up to the task envisioned in the Bibliodiversity paper. In my opinion, the required expertise to determine whether automated translation technologies are up to such a task would involve
expertise in both translation and the subject in question. Expertise in translation for professional translators is, I understand, determined on a language to language basis. For example, in Ottawa a professional translator might be certified to translate
from English to French only, or vice versa; two-way translation requires a double certification process.</div>
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Another way to explain this: to assess whether automated translation technologies are sufficient for scholarly purposes to translate philosophy texts from Portuguese to English requires understanding of philosophy and expertise in Portuguese - English translation.</div>
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One way to fully appreciate the challenges of translation is to read the translator's notes commonly found in translated monographs. It is not unusual for a particularly common word in the original text to have no equivalent in the language of the translation.
This is one of the reasons we borrow words and sometimes phrases from other languages. </div>
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Different disciplines have varying levels of standardization of terminology. Sciences tend to be more standardized than arts, humanities, or social sciences. </div>
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Question: who are the colleagues who have decided that automated translation is sufficient, and what are their qualifications? This is intended as a friendly question rather than a challenge. Is this something we know, or something we need to explore? My guess
is the latter.</div>
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best,</div>
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<p style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px">Dr. <span style="font-size:12pt">Heather Morrison</span></p>
<p style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px">Associate Professor, School of Information Studies, University of Ottawa</p>
<p style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px">Professeur Agrégé, École des Sciences de l'Information, Université d'Ottawa<br>
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Principal Investigator, Sustaining the Knowledge Commons, a SSHRC Insight Project</p>
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<a href="http://sustainingknowledgecommons.org" target="_blank">sustainingknowledgecommons.org</a></p>
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<p style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><a href="mailto:Heather.Morrison@uottawa.ca" target="_blank">Heather.Morrison@uottawa.ca</a><br>
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<p style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><a href="https://uniweb.uottawa.ca/?lang=en#/members/706" target="_blank">https://uniweb.uottawa.ca/?lang=en#/members/706</a></p>
<p style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px">[On research sabbatical July 1, 2019 - June 30, 2020]</p>
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<div id="m_3265267722929349484divRplyFwdMsg" dir="ltr"><font face="Calibri, sans-serif" color="#000000" style="font-size:11pt"><b>From:</b> <a href="mailto:scholcomm-request@lists.ala.org" target="_blank">scholcomm-request@lists.ala.org</a> <<a href="mailto:scholcomm-request@lists.ala.org" target="_blank">scholcomm-request@lists.ala.org</a>> on behalf of Kathleen Shearer <<a href="mailto:scholcomm@lists.ala.org" target="_blank">scholcomm@lists.ala.org</a>><br>
<b>Sent:</b> Monday, April 20, 2020 9:11 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> <a href="mailto:richard.poynder@btinternet.com" target="_blank">richard.poynder@btinternet.com</a> <<a href="mailto:richard.poynder@btinternet.com" target="_blank">richard.poynder@btinternet.com</a>>; <a href="mailto:scholcomm@lists.ala.org" target="_blank">scholcomm@lists.ala.org</a> <<a href="mailto:scholcomm@lists.ala.org" target="_blank">scholcomm@lists.ala.org</a>>; Global Open Access List (Successor of AmSci) <<a href="mailto:goal@eprints.org" target="_blank">goal@eprints.org</a>><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [SCHOLCOMM] Fostering Bibliodiversity in Scholarly Communications: A Call for Action</font>
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<div style="font-size:9pt;font-family:'calibri';color:#ff4233"><b>Attention : courriel externe | external email</b></div>
<div><font face="HelveticaNeue" style="font-size:15px">Hello Richard,</font>
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<div><font face="HelveticaNeue"><span style="font-size:15px">Yes, indeed, you are right, the coordinated actions required for bibliodiversity are similar to the efforts needed to deal with the covid19 pandemic. </span></font></div>
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<div><font face="HelveticaNeue" style="font-size:15px">For your second question, t<span id="m_3265267722929349484x_docs-internal-guid-98180b3f-7fff-9cf1-16c3-1c6c3804e50e" style="font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">he
way I am envisioning the collaborations taking place is as follows: much of the discussions across the different stakeholder communities will happen at the national and sometimes regional level, while the international coordination will take place, in parallel,
within each different stakeholder community. Although not a perfect solution, because some countries are more cohesive than others, many communities already have fairly strong regional and international relationships with their peers, including scholarly societies,
libraries, funders (e.g. the funders forum at RDA), governments, as well as publishers, and repositories.</span></font></div>
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Are translation technologies adequate to the task envisaged for them in the document?</li></ol>
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<div><span id="m_3265267722929349484x_docs-internal-guid-47ff6a26-7fff-4350-27a1-cc5d24a488be" style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial;font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">I’m not an expert
on translation technologies, but my colleagues tell me that for some languages the technologies are quite far along already and work well </span><span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:14.666666984558105px;white-space:pre-wrap">(e.g. Spanish, French,
Portuguese, Chinese)</span><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size:11pt;white-space:pre-wrap">, for others it will take a bit longer. They are suggesting a timeline for most languages to have
</span><span style="font-size:14.666666984558105px;white-space:pre-wrap">fairly
</span><span style="font-size:11pt;white-space:pre-wrap">good translation tools available within the next 5 years.</span></font></div>
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Might it be that the different interests and priorities of these stakeholders are such that joint action is not possible, certainly in a way that would satisfy all the stakeholders? After all, funders got involved with open access because after 20+ years the
other stakeholders had failed to work together effectively. However, in doing so, these funders appear (certainly in Europe) to be pushing the world in a direction that the authors of this report deprecate. What, practically, can the movement do to achieve
the aspirations of the document beyond making a call to action or further declarations?</li></ol>
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<div style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;vertical-align:baseline"><font face="HelveticaNeue"><span style="font-size:15px;white-space:pre-wrap">The
point of this call to action is to raise awareness with funders and others about this important issue. I’m not so cynical to think organizational perspectives can never change. Strategies can (and should) evolve as we gain a better understanding of the landscape,
and adopt new ideas and principles. We hope that this call to action will have that type of impact.</span></font></span></div>
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<span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">And, yes of course not all interests will align, but we are already seeing more cohesiveness at the national level than in the
past. In Canada, where I am based, for example, the funders, libraries and local Canadian publishers are now in regular dialogue and collaborating to work on common action items and to better align policies, funding and infrastructure. This is also happening
in other jurisdictions such as France with its </span><a href="https://www.ouvrirlascience.fr/the-committee-for-open-science/" style="text-decoration:none" target="_blank"><span style="color:rgb(17,85,204);font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-skip:none;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Committee
for Open Science</span></a><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"> and Portugal where the national funder, universities (including libraries and university presses)
and scholarly societies have created and maintain a national infrastructure for Open Access (hosting repositories and journals) and aligned policies.</span></font></div>
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<div><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:15px"><font face="HelveticaNeue">All the best, </font></span></div>
<div><span style="font-variant-ligatures:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;font-size:15px"><font face="HelveticaNeue">Kathleen</font></span></div>
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<div><span style="font-size:15px">Kathleen Shearer</span></div>
<div><span style="font-size:15px">Executive Director</span></div>
<div><span style="font-size:15px">Confederation of Open Access Repositories (COAR)</span></div>
<div><span style="font-size:15px"><a href="http://www.coar-repositories.org" target="_blank">www.coar-repositories.org</a></span></div>
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<div>On Apr 16, 2020, at 1:31 AM, Richard Poynder <<a href="mailto:richard.poynder@gmail.com" target="_blank">richard.poynder@gmail.com</a>> wrote:</div>
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“Designing a system that fosters bibliodiversity, while also supporting research at the international level is extremely challenging. It means achieving a careful balance between unity and diversity; international and local; and careful coordination across
different stakeholder communities and regions in order to avoid a fragmented ecosystem.”</div>
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That seems to me to be a key paragraph in this document. And the pandemic — which requires that information is shared very quickly and broadly, and across borders — does certainly highlight the fact that the current scholarly communication system leaves a lot
to be desired. </div>
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I have three questions:</div>
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Are translation technologies adequate to the task envisaged for them in the document?
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How is it envisaged that researchers, policymakers, funders, service providers, universities and libraries from around the world will all work together, and by means of what forum? I know there are a number of organisations and initiatives focused on the different
issues raised in the document (not least COAR) but how exactly, and by what means, will these different stakeholders coordinate and work together to achieve the stated aims? I know there are a number of library-led organisations (like COAR), but is not a more
diverse forum (in terms of the different stakeholders) needed? How many members of COAR are also members of cOAlition S for instance?
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Might it be that the different interests and priorities of these stakeholders are such that joint action is not possible, certainly in a way that would satisfy all the stakeholders? After all, funders got involved with open access because after 20+ years the
other stakeholders had failed to work together effectively. However, in doing so, these funders appear (certainly in Europe) to be pushing the world in a direction that the authors of this report deprecate. What, practically, can the movement do to achieve
the aspirations of the document beyond making a call to action or further declarations?
</li></ol>
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Richard Poynder </div>
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<div dir="ltr">On Wed, 15 Apr 2020 at 15:53, Kathleen Shearer <<a href="mailto:scholcomm@lists.ala.org" target="_blank">scholcomm@lists.ala.org</a>> wrote:<br>
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<p><span style="text-align:center">(Apologies for the cross posting)</span></p>
<div>Dear all,</div>
<p><b style="text-align:center">Today, my colleagues and I are issuing a “Call for Action!”</b></p>
<p>With the publication of this paper, <a href="https://www.coar-repositories.org/news-updates/fostering-bibliodiversity-in-scholarly-communications-a-call-for-action/" target="_blank"><i>Fostering Bibliodiversity in Scholarly Communications:
A Call for Action</i></a>, we are calling on the community to make concerted efforts to develop strong, community-governed infrastructures that support diversity in scholarly communications (referred to as bibliodiversity).</p>
<p>Diversity is an essential characteristic of an optimal scholarly communications system. Diversity in services and platforms, funding mechanisms, and evaluation measures will allow the research communications to accommodate the different workflows,
languages, publication outputs, and research topics that support the needs and epistemic pluralism of different research communities. In addition, diversity reduces the risk of vendor lock-in, which inevitably leads to monopoly, monoculture, and high prices.</p>
<p>We are living through unprecedented times, with a global pandemic sweeping the world, leading to illness, death, and unparalleled economic upheaval. Although our concerns about bibliodiversity have been growing for years, the current crisis has
exposed the deficiencies in a system that is increasingly homogenous and prioritizes profits over the public good.</p>
<p>Stories abound about the urgent need for access to the research literature, as illustrated, for example, by this message by Peter Murray-Rust <a href="http://mailman.ecs.soton.ac.uk/pipermail/goal/2020-March/005395.html" target="_blank">posted</a> to
the GOAL mailing list on March 31, 2020</p>
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<p><span style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255)">“My colleague, a software developer, working for free on openVirus software, is spending most of his time working making masks in Cambridge Makespace to ship to Addenbrooke’s hospital. When
he goes to the literature to find literature on masks, their efficacy and use and construction he finds paywall after paywall after paywall after paywall ….”</span></p>
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<p>For those who were not in favour of open access before, this global crisis should settle the debate once and for all.</p>
<p>We must move away from a pay-to-read world in which researchers, practitioners and the public cannot afford to access critical research materials, or have to wait for embargo periods to lift before they can develop life saving techniques, methods
and vaccines. Access to the research is simply too important. Yet, pay-to-publish, the open access model being advanced by many in the commercial sector, is also inappropriate as it places unacceptable financial barriers on researchers’ abilities to publish.</p>
<p>It is time to reassess some of the basic assumptions related to scholarly communications, including competition, prestige, and the role of commercial entities. The same values that underlie our research and education systems should also guide research
communications.</p>
<p>To that end, we are calling on researchers, policy makers, funders, service providers, universities and libraries from around the world to work together to address the issue of bibliodiversity in scholarly communication.</p>
<p>The problems we encounter have never been more complex and urgent, nor has the need for solutions been greater. There is a real danger that new budget constraints and an increasing proportion of funds directed towards large commercial entities could
lead to greater homogeneity and monopolization, further hampering the free flow of research needed to address the critical challenges we face.</p>
<p>Read the <a href="https://www.coar-repositories.org/news-updates/fostering-bibliodiversity-in-scholarly-communications-a-call-for-action/" target="_blank">blog post here</a> and <a href="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3752923" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">full
paper here</a></p>
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<div>Kathleen Shearer</div>
<div>Executive Director</div>
<div>Confederation of Open Access Repositories (COAR)</div>
<div><a href="http://www.coar-repositories.org/" target="_blank">www.coar-repositories.org</a></div>
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<div>Richard Poynder<br>
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</div><br clear="all"><div><br></div>-- <br><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_signature" data-smartmail="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><div>Richard Poynder<br><br></div></div></div></div>