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If we cannot cite, use excerpts from, paraphrase, etc., any work for which derivative rights have been explicitly granted through CC licenses, this means we forego these rights for the vast majority of copyrighted works, including almost everything published
before about 15 years ago and vast amounts of works produced by entities other than scholars, even though as Marc points out below (and I concur) we already have these works.
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<div>Strong arguments against ND may do more harm than good to scholars' ability to re-use work. By claiming we have no rights without explicit derivative rights we risk losing more than we have to gain.</div>
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<div>We need broad exceptions to copyright, strong users' rights / fair dealing, moreso than open licensing.</div>
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<div>best,</div>
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<div>Heather Morrison </div>
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<div>-------- Original message --------</div>
<div>From: Couture Marc <marc.couture@teluq.ca> </div>
<div>Date: 2017-06-18 3:14 PM (GMT-05:00) </div>
<div>To: "Global Open Access List (Successor of AmSci)" <goal@eprints.org> </div>
<div>Subject: Re: [GOAL] Elsevier's interpretation of CC BY-NC-ND </div>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; color:#1F497D">Jevan Pipitone wrote :</span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; color:#1F497D">> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA">The fact that it says "No Derivatives" seems a concern for example sometimes researchers can publish a summary of other peoples articles and then include all the articles used in the references. [...]</span></p>
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... to gain ideas from other people which can then be used to create new things by the researcher, but, this is potentially a "derivative" work since it can build on the work of others. So I think there is a problem there too.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">> </p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; color:#1F497D">This is a relevant question.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; color:#1F497D"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; color:#1F497D">Ideas are not protected by copyright. Thus whatever the license (if any), one can always build upon the ideas found in the texts of others. One
has to mention the source, but it’s a matter of scientific integrity, not of copyright. What is protected is the particular expression of ideas, as found in a text, for instance.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; color:#1F497D"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; color:#1F497D">However, the difference between ideas and their expression is not clear-cut, as the only way to communicate ideas is by expressing them. In order
to guarantee the free use of ideas embedded in copyright law, courts have held that when there are just a few ways to express an idea, or when an idea is so simple that there is no significant “creativity” or “originality” involved in its expression, reusing
the expression is deemed using the idea; it’s not thus a basis for copyright protection (and infringement).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; color:#1F497D"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; color:#1F497D">In particular, creating a summary of a work can be viewed as expressing in another way the ideas found in the first work. The summary is then
an original work, based on the ideas of the first, so that there is no copyright issue. But such a summary could include particular expressions, some of them not simple, taken from the first work. At an extreme, one could build a summary mainly by juxtaposing
carefully chosen excerpts from the first work; this would open the door to the summary being a derivate work. You can imagine all intermediate situations; there is a grey zone here.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; color:#1F497D"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; color:#1F497D">In conclusion, because of this uncertainty, the ND condition could indeed be an impediment to the reuse not only of a work, but even of the ideas
it conveys.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; color:#1F497D"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; color:#1F497D">Marc Couture</span></p>
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