<div dir="ltr"><br><div class="gmail_extra"><br><div class="gmail_quote">On Mon, Jan 23, 2017 at 10:19 AM, Heather Morrison <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:Heather.Morrison@uottawa.ca" target="_blank">Heather.Morrison@uottawa.ca</a>></span> wrote:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
<div lang="FR-CA">
Thanks Marc this is helpful info although these links do not work.
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<div>An important related issue is a tendency towards copyright expansion in the form of seeking to define linking under copyright. One manifestation of this was the EU proposal of a "link tax", as covered by Open Media here: <a href="https://openmedia.org/en/press/eu-commission-formally-proposes-link-tax-european-parliament-part-new-copyright-directive" target="_blank">https://openmedia.org/<wbr>en/press/eu-commission-<wbr>formally-proposes-link-tax-<wbr>european-parliament-part-new-<wbr>copyright-directive</a></div>
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<div>If there are updates I would appreciate hearing them. </div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div>Hi Heather: </div><div><br></div><div>The Commission introduced the proposal (Article 11) in their draft Directive on Copyright in the Digital Single Market. At this time MEPs are collecting proposed amendments to the text, which will be negotiated in the relevant committees, and eventually voted in the Parliament and the European Council. </div><div><br></div><div>I found this paper to be helpful for a more in-depth understanding of the issue:</div><div><a href="http://www.openforumeurope.org/release-ofe-academic-paper-publishers-intellectual-property-right-implications-freedom-expression-authors-open-content-policies/">http://www.openforumeurope.org/release-ofe-academic-paper-publishers-intellectual-property-right-implications-freedom-expression-authors-open-content-policies/</a><br></div><div><br></div><div>Other groups tracking it:</div><div><a href="https://openmedia.org/">https://openmedia.org/</a> (as you mention above)<br></div><div><a href="http://ancillarycopyright.eu/">http://ancillarycopyright.eu/</a><br></div><div><div><a href="http://www.communia-association.org/">http://www.communia-association.org/</a><br></div></div><div><a href="https://edri.org/">https://edri.org/</a><br></div><div><a href="https://juliareda.eu/en/">https://juliareda.eu/en/</a><br></div><div><br></div><div>Hope this helps, </div><div>timothy</div><div><br></div><div> </div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div lang="FR-CA"><div>This is very problematic for scholarship and the Internet per se. This issue requires a broader understanding and discussion than CC licensing of a small subset of works on the Internet (not everything
is scholarship, education and government).</div>
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<div>Different people and organizations may have different reasons for concerns about linking. For some this may be a way of protecting economic rights (eg newspapers with free sites protecting ad revenue), for others expanding economic rights (eg scholarly
publishers who want paying customers to pay even more for linking), while for others the issue may be protecting an organization from false claims of association by third parties. For some of these issues there are likely better solutions than bringing linking
under copyright.</div>
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<div>best,</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Heather Morrison </div><span class="gmail-">
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</div>
<div>-------- Original message --------</div>
<div>From: Couture Marc <<a href="mailto:marc.couture@teluq.ca" target="_blank">marc.couture@teluq.ca</a>> </div>
</span><div><div class="gmail-h5"><div>Date: 2017-01-23 12:12 PM (GMT-05:00) </div>
<div>To: "Global Open Access List (Successor of AmSci)" <<a href="mailto:goal@eprints.org" target="_blank">goal@eprints.org</a>> </div>
<div>Subject: Re: [GOAL] How much of the content in open repositories is able to meet the definition of open access?
</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>
<div class="gmail-m_-2286315515292873216WordSection1">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA" style="color:black">Hi all,</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA" style="color:black"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA" style="color:black">Éric wonders if Google infringes copyright (or violates the licence) when displaying CC BY-NC papers in its search results pages.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA" style="color:black"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA" style="color:black">As these pages only contain basic bibliographical data, very short excerpts and hyperlinks, I would think that this “use” falls either outside of copyright protection or under the fair use/dealing
exception. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA" style="color:black"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA" style="color:black">Add to that the fact that copyright owners can “ask” Google (through metadata in the header of a page) not to be indexed. That’s indeed one the reasons even Google’s cache, which doesn’t reproduce
small excerpts but the entirety of the indexed page, was deemed non-infringing in a 2006 US case. Fair use was another.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA" style="color:black"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA" style="color:black">For the legally inclined: see
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_v._Google,_Inc" target="_blank">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<wbr>Field_v._Google,_Inc</a>. or
<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Field_v._Google,_Inc" target="_blank">https://en.wikisource.org/<wbr>wiki/Field_v._Google,_Inc</a> for the actual decision.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA" style="color:black"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA" style="color:black">Marc Couture</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA" style="color:black"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><a name="m_-2286315515292873216__MailEndCompose"><span lang="EN-CA" style="color:rgb(31,73,125)"> </span></a></p>
<div>
<div style="border-right:none;border-bottom:none;border-left:none;border-top:1pt solid rgb(181,196,223);padding:3pt 0cm 0cm">
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:tahoma,sans-serif">De :</span></b><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:tahoma,sans-serif"> <a href="mailto:goal-bounces@eprints.org" target="_blank">goal-bounces@eprints.org</a> [mailto:<a href="mailto:goal-bounces@eprints.org" target="_blank">goal-bounces@eprints.<wbr>org</a>]
<b>De la part de</b> Éric Archambault<br>
<b>Envoyé :</b> 23 ja</span><span lang="FR" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:tahoma,sans-serif">nvier 2017 11:14<br>
<b>À :</b> Global Open Access List (Successor of AmSci)<br>
<b>Objet :</b> Re: [GOAL] How much of the content in open repositories is able to meet the definition of open access?</span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA">Marc has a good point on the NC character.
</span><span lang="EN-CA"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA"> </span><span lang="EN-CA"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA">Does intermediation counts? For example, Google presents millions of papers on its search results pages and these papers contribute as fodder to Google’s $2.18 million net after taxes profit per hour (the vast
majority of these profits are from advertising obviously). Is this a commercial use?</span><span lang="EN-CA"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA"> </span><span lang="EN-CA"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA">Éric</span><span lang="EN-CA"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA"> </span><span lang="EN-CA"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA"> </span><span lang="EN-CA"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA"> </span><span lang="EN-CA"></span></p>
<div>
<div style="border-right:none;border-bottom:none;border-left:none;border-top:1pt solid rgb(225,225,225);padding:3pt 0cm 0cm">
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US">From:</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> <a href="mailto:goal-bounces@eprints.org" target="_blank">
goal-bounces@eprints.org</a> [<a href="mailto:goal-bounces@eprints.org" target="_blank">mailto:goal-bounces@eprints.<wbr>org</a>]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Couture Marc<br>
<b>Sent:</b> January 23, 2017 10:46 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> Global Open Access List (Successor of AmSci) <<a href="mailto:goal@eprints.org" target="_blank">goal@eprints.org</a>><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [GOAL] How much of the content in open repositories is able to meet the definition of open access?</span><span lang="EN-CA"></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black">Stephen Downes wrote :</span><span lang="EN-CA"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:rgb(31,73,125)"> </span><span lang="EN-CA"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA" style="color:rgb(31,73,125)">“</span><span lang="EN-GB">From the perspective of a person wishing to access content, a work that is CC-by, but which requires payment to access, is not free at all”</span><span lang="EN-CA"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span><span lang="EN-CA"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB">I find this interpretation a bit extreme, considering that:</span><span lang="EN-CA"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span><span lang="EN-CA"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB">- The CC BY work for which payment is required must be attributed, and this attribution normally includes (at least in the case of online distribution) a link to the original source
<a href="https://wiki.creativecommons.org/wiki/Best_practices_for_attribution" target="_blank">https://wiki.creativecommons.<wbr>org/wiki/Best_practices_for_<wbr>attribution</a> .</span><span lang="EN-CA"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span><span lang="EN-CA"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB">- The first person, or institution paying the access fee can then freely (in all senses) distribute the work online.</span><span lang="EN-CA"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span><span lang="EN-CA"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA" style="color:black">Not considering fraudulent activities (e.g. not mentioning the license, which violates the terms of the licence), which could be done for any version of the CC license,
</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color:black">one could certainly find cases (</span><span lang="EN-CA" style="color:black">best practices not followed; print copies) where one would have to do a little work to find the original work (nothing more though than
a Google search with the title). In any event, I wouldn’t describe such a work as being “not free at all”.</span><span lang="EN-CA"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA" style="color:rgb(31,73,125)"> </span><span lang="EN-CA"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA" style="color:black">On the other hand, the problem with the -NC condition is that the definition of non-commercial is quite vague, so that one can easily imagine uses that authors wishing to impede profit-seeking uses
would also prevent others they wouldn’t object to. Stephen mentions educational uses, but many of them could well be considered commercial (for instance, in private institutions, or even public ones, if students pay documentation fees).
</span><span lang="EN-CA"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA" style="color:black"> </span><span lang="EN-CA"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA" style="color:black">Recent lawsuits, in Germany and in the US, illustrate the problem.</span><span lang="EN-CA"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA" style="color:black"> </span><span lang="EN-CA"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA" style="color:rgb(31,73,125)">- Germany: “non-commercial” equates “private use only” (2014 decision appealed, still waiting for the outcome)
</span><span style="color:rgb(31,73,125)"><a href="http://merlin.obs.coe.int/article.php?id=14679" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-CA">http://merlin.obs.coe.int/<wbr>article.php?id=14679</span></a>
</span><span lang="EN-CA"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA" style="color:rgb(31,73,125)"> </span><span lang="EN-CA"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA" style="color:rgb(31,73,125)">- US: Public school disctrict subcontracting reproduction and distribution of print copies to private firm (2016 case yet to be heard)
</span><span style="color:rgb(31,73,125)"><a href="https://www.techdirt.com/articles/20160902/00165835421/creative-commons-wants-to-step-into-lawsuit-over-definition-noncommercial-cc-license.shtml" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-CA">https://www.techdirt.com/<wbr>articles/20160902/00165835421/<wbr>creative-commons-wants-to-<wbr>step-into-lawsuit-over-<wbr>definition-noncommercial-cc-<wbr>license.shtml</span></a>
</span><span lang="EN-CA"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA" style="color:rgb(31,73,125)"> </span><span lang="EN-CA"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:rgb(31,73,125)">Marc Couture</span><span lang="EN-CA"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:rgb(31,73,125)"> </span><span lang="EN-CA"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:rgb(31,73,125)"> </span><span lang="EN-CA"></span></p>
<div>
<div style="border-right:none;border-bottom:none;border-left:none;border-top:1pt solid rgb(181,196,223);padding:3pt 0cm 0cm">
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="FR" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:tahoma,sans-serif">De :</span></b><span lang="FR" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:tahoma,sans-serif">
<a href="mailto:goal-bounces@eprints.org" target="_blank">goal-bounces@eprints.org</a> [<a href="mailto:goal-bounces@eprints.org" target="_blank">mailto:goal-bounces@eprints.<wbr>org</a>]
<b>De la part de</b> Downes, Stephen<br>
<b>Envoyé :</b> 23 janvier 2017 09:46<br>
<b>À :</b> Global Open Access List (Successor of AmSci)<br>
<b>Objet :</b> Re: [GOAL] How much of the content in open repositories is able to meet the definition of open access?</span><span lang="EN-CA"></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="EN-CA"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA" style="color:rgb(31,73,125)">> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"times new roman",serif">Some open access advocates do equate OA with the CC-BY license, but not all of us. My perspective is that
pushing for ubiquitous CC-BY is a major strategic error for the OA movement.</span><span lang="EN-CA"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"times new roman",serif"> </span><span lang="EN-CA"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"times new roman",serif">I also have been arguing that CC-by-NC ought to be considered equally acceptable. Open access licenses prior to Creative Commons sought typically to prevent
commercial appropriation of openly published work. From the perspective of a person wishing to access content, a work that is CC-by, but which requires payment to access, is not free at all, in either sense. This is especially important in the context of open
educational resources.</span><span lang="EN-CA"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA" style="color:rgb(31,73,125)"> </span><span lang="EN-CA"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA" style="color:rgb(31,73,125)"> </span><span lang="EN-CA"></span></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA" style="color:rgb(31,73,125)">------------------------------<wbr>------------------------------<wbr>------------------------------<wbr>----------------------</span><span lang="EN-CA"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-CA" style="color:rgb(56,86,35)">Stephen Downes</span></b><span lang="EN-CA"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size:10pt;color:rgb(118,113,113)"> </span><span lang="EN-CA"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size:10pt;color:rgb(118,113,113)">National Research Council Canada | Conseil national de recherches Canada</span><span lang="EN-CA"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size:10pt;color:rgb(118,113,113)">1200 rue Montreal Road 349 M-50, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6</span><span lang="EN-CA"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:rgb(118,113,113)">Tel.: <a href="tel:(613)%20993-0288" value="+16139930288" target="_blank">(613) 993 0288</a> Mobile: <a href="tel:(613)%20292-1789" value="+16132921789" target="_blank">(613) 292 1789</a>
</span><span lang="EN-CA"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA" style="color:rgb(31,73,125)"><a href="mailto:Stephen.Downes@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:blue;text-decoration:none">Stephen.Downes@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:rgb(31,73,125)">
~ </span><span lang="EN-CA" style="color:rgb(31,73,125)"><a href="http://www.downes.ca/" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:blue;text-decoration:none">http://www.downes.ca</span></a></span><span lang="EN-CA" style="font-size:10pt;color:rgb(31,73,125)">
</span><span lang="EN-CA"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA" style="color:rgb(31,73,125)"> </span><span lang="EN-CA"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA" style="color:rgb(31,73,125)"> </span><span lang="EN-CA"></span></p>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA" style="color:rgb(31,73,125)"> </span><span lang="EN-CA"></span></p>
<div>
<div style="border-right:none;border-bottom:none;border-left:none;border-top:1pt solid rgb(181,196,223);padding:3pt 0cm 0cm">
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:tahoma,sans-serif">From:</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;font-family:tahoma,sans-serif">
<a href="mailto:goal-bounces@eprints.org" target="_blank">goal-bounces@eprints.org</a> [<a href="mailto:goal-bounces@eprints.org" target="_blank">mailto:goal-bounces@eprints.<wbr>org</a>]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Heather Morrison<br>
<b>Sent:</b> January-23-17 8:19 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> Global Open Access List (Successor of AmSci)<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [GOAL] How much of the content in open repositories is able to meet the definition of open access?</span><span lang="EN-CA"></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"times new roman",serif">Some open access advocates do equate OA with the CC-BY license, but not all of us. My perspective is that pushing for ubiquitous CC-BY is a major strategic
error for the OA movement. Key arguments: </span><span lang="EN-CA"></span></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"times new roman",serif"> </span><span lang="EN-CA"></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"times new roman",serif">Granting blanket downstream commercial re-use rights allows for downstream toll access whether or a one-off or broad-based scale. </span><span lang="EN-CA"></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"times new roman",serif"> </span><span lang="EN-CA"></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"times new roman",serif">Examples (broad-based at end):<span style="color:rgb(31,73,125)">…</span></span><span lang="EN-CA"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color:rgb(31,73,125)"> </span><span lang="EN-CA"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color:rgb(31,73,125)"> </span><span lang="EN-CA"></span></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div></div></div>
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<br></blockquote></div><br><br clear="all"><div><br></div>-- <br><div class="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><span style="color:rgb(136,136,136);font-size:12.8px">Invest in an open future. Support Creative Commons today.</span><br style="color:rgb(136,136,136);font-size:12.8px"></div><div><font color="#888888"><a href="https://creativecommons.org/donate/" target="_blank">https://creativecommons.org/donate/</a></font><br></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>
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