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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Marc has a good point on the NC character.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Does intermediation counts? For example, Google presents millions of papers on its search results pages and these papers contribute as fodder to Google’s $2.18 million net after taxes profit per
hour (the vast majority of these profits are from advertising obviously). Is this a commercial use?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Éric<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US">From:</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> goal-bounces@eprints.org [mailto:goal-bounces@eprints.org]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Couture Marc<br>
<b>Sent:</b> January 23, 2017 10:46 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> Global Open Access List (Successor of AmSci) <goal@eprints.org><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [GOAL] How much of the content in open repositories is able to meet the definition of open access?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR-CA" style="color:black">Stephen Downes wrote :<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR-CA" style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">“</span><span lang="EN-GB">From the perspective of a person wishing to access content, a work that is CC-by, but which requires payment to access, is not free at all”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB">I find this interpretation a bit extreme, considering that:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB">- The CC BY work for which payment is required must be attributed, and this attribution normally includes (at least in the case of online distribution) a link to the original source
<a href="https://wiki.creativecommons.org/wiki/Best_practices_for_attribution">https://wiki.creativecommons.org/wiki/Best_practices_for_attribution</a> .<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB">- The first person, or institution paying the access fee can then freely (in all senses) distribute the work online.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black">Not considering fraudulent activities (e.g. not mentioning the license, which violates the terms of the licence), which could be done for any version of the CC license,
</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color:black">one could certainly find cases (</span><span style="color:black">best practices not followed; print copies) where one would have to do a little work to find the original work (nothing more though than a Google search
with the title). In any event, I wouldn’t describe such a work as being “not free at all”.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black">On the other hand, the problem with the -NC condition is that the definition of non-commercial is quite vague, so that one can easily imagine uses that authors wishing to impede profit-seeking uses would also prevent
others they wouldn’t object to. Stephen mentions educational uses, but many of them could well be considered commercial (for instance, in private institutions, or even public ones, if students pay documentation fees).
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black">Recent lawsuits, in Germany and in the US, illustrate the problem.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">- Germany: “non-commercial” equates “private use only” (2014 decision appealed, still waiting for the outcome)
</span><span lang="FR-CA" style="color:#1F497D"><a href="http://merlin.obs.coe.int/article.php?id=14679"><span lang="EN-CA">http://merlin.obs.coe.int/article.php?id=14679</span></a>
</span><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">- US: Public school disctrict subcontracting reproduction and distribution of print copies to private firm (2016 case yet to be heard)
</span><span lang="FR-CA" style="color:#1F497D"><a href="https://www.techdirt.com/articles/20160902/00165835421/creative-commons-wants-to-step-into-lawsuit-over-definition-noncommercial-cc-license.shtml"><span lang="EN-CA">https://www.techdirt.com/articles/20160902/00165835421/creative-commons-wants-to-step-into-lawsuit-over-definition-noncommercial-cc-license.shtml</span></a>
</span><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR-CA" style="color:#1F497D">Marc Couture<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR-CA" style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR-CA" style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="FR" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif">De :</span></b><span lang="FR" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif">
<a href="mailto:goal-bounces@eprints.org">goal-bounces@eprints.org</a> [<a href="mailto:goal-bounces@eprints.org">mailto:goal-bounces@eprints.org</a>]
<b>De la part de</b> Downes, Stephen<br>
<b>Envoyé :</b> 23 janvier 2017 09:46<br>
<b>À :</b> Global Open Access List (Successor of AmSci)<br>
<b>Objet :</b> Re: [GOAL] How much of the content in open repositories is able to meet the definition of open access?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR-CA"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Some open access advocates do equate OA with the CC-BY license, but not all of us. My perspective is that pushing for ubiquitous
CC-BY is a major strategic error for the OA movement.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">I also have been arguing that CC-by-NC ought to be considered equally acceptable. Open access licenses prior to Creative Commons sought typically to prevent
commercial appropriation of openly published work. From the perspective of a person wishing to access content, a work that is CC-by, but which requires payment to access, is not free at all, in either sense. This is especially important in the context of open
educational resources.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="color:#385623">Stephen Downes<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#767171"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#767171">National Research Council Canada | Conseil national de recherches Canada<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#767171">1200 rue Montreal Road 349 M-50, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#767171">Tel.: (613) 993 0288 Mobile: (613) 292 1789
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"><a href="mailto:Stephen.Downes@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:blue;text-decoration:none">Stephen.Downes@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#1F497D">
~ </span><span style="color:#1F497D"><a href="http://www.downes.ca/"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:blue;text-decoration:none">http://www.downes.ca</span></a></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#1F497D">
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#1F497D"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif">From:</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif">
<a href="mailto:goal-bounces@eprints.org">goal-bounces@eprints.org</a> [<a href="mailto:goal-bounces@eprints.org">mailto:goal-bounces@eprints.org</a>]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Heather Morrison<br>
<b>Sent:</b> January-23-17 8:19 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> Global Open Access List (Successor of AmSci)<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [GOAL] How much of the content in open repositories is able to meet the definition of open access?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Some open access advocates do equate OA with the CC-BY license, but not all of us. My perspective is that pushing for ubiquitous CC-BY is a major strategic
error for the OA movement. Key arguments: <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Granting blanket downstream commercial re-use rights allows for downstream toll access whether or a one-off or broad-based scale. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Examples (broad-based at end):<span style="color:#1F497D">…</span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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