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<P style="MARGIN: 0px; FONT: 12px Helvetica; COLOR: #540403"><FONT color=#000000
size=2 face=Arial>Gary wrote :</FONT></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0px; FONT: 12px Helvetica; COLOR: #540403">"I suppose the next
question would be: At what point did this informal and (perhaps) coincidental
use become formalized into a technical signifier?"</P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0px; FONT: 12px Helvetica; COLOR: #540403"> </P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0px; FONT: 12px Helvetica; COLOR: #540403"><FONT color=#000000
size=3 face=Calibri>May I say that a new word or a new paradigm become
formalized when it has been translated for the first time in
different other languages? </FONT></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0px; FONT: 12px Helvetica; COLOR: #540403"><FONT color=#000000
size=3 face=Calibri>Therefore, it has been 2 or 3 weeks before the
launch of the BOAI (14 february 2002). At this time the French team in charge of
the translation of the BOAI decided to translate "Open Access" by "Libre
Accès"! It seemed us more appropriate than "Accès Ouvert"!</FONT></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0px; FONT: 12px Helvetica; COLOR: #540403"><FONT
color=#000000><FONT size=3 face=Calibri>see </FONT><A
href="http://www.soros.org/openaccess/translations"><FONT size=3
face=Calibri>http://www.soros.org/openaccess/translations</FONT></A></FONT></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0px; FONT: 12px Helvetica; COLOR: #540403"><FONT color=#000000
size=2 face=Arial></FONT> </P></DIV>
<DIV>Hélène Bosc<BR>Open Access to Scientific Communication <BR><A
href="http://open-access.infodocs.eu/">http://open-access.infodocs.eu/</A></DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE
style="BORDER-LEFT: #000000 2px solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial">----- Original Message ----- </DIV>
<DIV
style="FONT: 10pt arial; BACKGROUND: #e4e4e4; font-color: black"><B>From:</B>
<A title=amsciforum@gmail.com href="mailto:amsciforum@gmail.com">Stevan
Harnad</A> </DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>To:</B> <A title=goal@eprints.org
href="mailto:goal@eprints.org">Global Open Access List (Successor of
AmSci)</A> </DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Sent:</B> Tuesday, August 07, 2012 4:59
PM</DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Subject:</B> [GOAL] Re: First use of the
phrase "open access"?</DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV>
<P style="MARGIN: 0px; FONT: 12px Helvetica">On 2012-08-07, at 7:28 AM, Omega
Alpha | Open Access wrote:</P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0px; FONT: 12px Helvetica"><BR></P>
<BLOCKQUOTE
style="BORDER-LEFT: rgb(204,204,204) 1px solid; MARGIN: 0px 0px 0px 0.8ex; PADDING-LEFT: 1ex"
class=gmail_quote>Stevan,<BR>I would have guessed BOAI as the first OFFICIAL
use. I'm trying to ferret-out the PRE-HISTORY of the term--even its
informal, coincidental or unconscious use--LEADING UP to the conscious
decision of those involved in BOAI (including yourself, Stevan) to call this
thing that we're all now talking about "open access".</BLOCKQUOTE>
<P style="MARGIN: 0px; MIN-HEIGHT: 14px; FONT: 12px Helvetica"><BR></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0px; FONT: 12px Helvetica">Gary,</P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0px; MIN-HEIGHT: 14px; FONT: 12px Helvetica"><BR></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0px; FONT: 12px Helvetica">My own recall is this:</P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0px; MIN-HEIGHT: 14px; FONT: 12px Helvetica"><BR></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0px; FONT: 12px Helvetica">The issue, from the late 1980's
onward was making <I>online access</I> to refereed research free for all
instead of just <I>toll-access</I> (subscription, license, pay-per-view) for
those at institutions that could afford to pay.</P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0px; MIN-HEIGHT: 14px; FONT: 12px Helvetica"><BR></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0px; FONT: 12px Helvetica">The inspiration was the Internet
and Web itself (starting with anonymous FTP). Computer scientists (and later
physicists) were providing free online access to their papers early on
(computer scientists as of at least the '80's and physicists as of the early
'90's).</P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0px; MIN-HEIGHT: 14px; FONT: 12px Helvetica"><BR></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0px; FONT: 12px Helvetica">The words "open access" were no
doubt pronounced and written during that period (as you saw below), but they
were simply informal verbal descriptions of what was needed and what people
were providing. There were other ways of referring to it too, but all
concerned <I>online access</I>, free for all, as opposed to toll-access, for
subscribers only. My own use was very explicitly based on contrasting it with
<I>toll access</I>.</P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0px; MIN-HEIGHT: 14px; FONT: 12px Helvetica"><BR></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0px; FONT: 12px Helvetica">The term "open access" only
became "official" with the BOAI, and I can tell you that several terms were
considered in a prior list discussion. The choice was very explicitly
influenced by the fact that we were trying to encourage author self-archiving,
and that 2 years earlier in 1999 the "Open Archives Initiative" (originally
called the "Universal Preprint Service" and then the "Santa Fe Convention")
had created the OAI protocol for making <I>Open Archives</I> (later called
"repositories") interoperable with one another. So we consciously chose "Open
Access" in order to make a clear link between the two Initiatives (BOAI and
OAI).</P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0px; FONT: 12px Helvetica"><BR></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0px; FONT: 12px Helvetica">I can also remember a distinct
moment (in 1999) in a conversation with Herbert van Sompel when it was decided
(by Herbert) to call Open Archives "Open Archives" (following some list
discussion of various potential names).</P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0px; FONT: 12px Helvetica"><BR></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0px; FONT: 12px Helvetica">Hope that helps. Maybe OAI's
Herbert von de Sompel or BOAI's Peter Suber will have further
recollections.</P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0px; FONT: 12px Helvetica"><BR></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0px; FONT: 12px Helvetica">Stevan Harnad</P>
<P
style="MARGIN: 0px; MIN-HEIGHT: 14px; FONT: 12px Helvetica; COLOR: #144fae"><BR></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0px; FONT: 12px Helvetica; COLOR: #144fae">Thanks.</P>
<P
style="MARGIN: 0px; MIN-HEIGHT: 14px; FONT: 12px Helvetica; COLOR: #144fae"><BR></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0px; FONT: 12px Helvetica; COLOR: #144fae">Gary F.
Daught</P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0px; FONT: 12px Helvetica; COLOR: #144fae">Omega Alpha |
Open Access</P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0px; FONT: 12px Helvetica; COLOR: #144fae"><A
href="http://oaopenaccess.wordpress.com">http://oaopenaccess.wordpress.com</A> </P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0px; FONT: 12px Helvetica; COLOR: #144fae">Advocate for open
access academic publishing in religion and theology</P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0px; FONT: 12px Helvetica; COLOR: #144fae">oa.openaccess@ <A
href="http://gmail.com">gmail.com</A> | @OAopenaccess</P>
<P
style="MARGIN: 0px; MIN-HEIGHT: 14px; FONT: 12px Helvetica; COLOR: #144fae"><BR></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0px; FONT: 12px Helvetica; COLOR: #144fae">On Aug 7, 2012,
at 12:25 AM, <A
href="mailto:goal-request@eprints.org">goal-request@eprints.org</A> wrote:</P>
<P
style="MARGIN: 0px; MIN-HEIGHT: 14px; FONT: 12px Helvetica; COLOR: #144fae"><BR></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0px; FONT: 12px Helvetica; COLOR: #00631a">Date: Tue, 7 Aug
2012 00:00:01 -0400</P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0px; FONT: 12px Helvetica; COLOR: #00631a">From: Stevan
Harnad <<A
href="mailto:harnad@ecs.soton.ac.uk">harnad@ecs.soton.ac.uk</A>></P>
<P
style="MARGIN: 0px; MIN-HEIGHT: 14px; FONT: 12px Helvetica; COLOR: #00631a"><BR></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0px; FONT: 12px Helvetica; COLOR: #00631a">The term became
official with Budapest Open Access Initiative (BOAI)</P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0px; FONT: 12px Helvetica; COLOR: #00631a"><A
href="http://www.soros.org/openaccess/read">http://www.soros.org/openaccess/read</A></P>
<P
style="MARGIN: 0px; MIN-HEIGHT: 14px; FONT: 12px Helvetica; COLOR: #00631a"><BR></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0px; FONT: 12px Helvetica; COLOR: #00631a">On 2012-08-06, at
6:29 PM, Omega Alpha | Open Access wrote:</P>
<P
style="MARGIN: 0px; MIN-HEIGHT: 14px; FONT: 12px Helvetica; COLOR: #00631a"><BR></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0px; FONT: 12px Helvetica; COLOR: #540403">Greetings. Does
anyone know who/when first used the phrase "open access" to refer to toll free
publication and/or access to scholarly literature, though not necessarily yet
as a technical term?</P>
<P
style="MARGIN: 0px; MIN-HEIGHT: 14px; FONT: 12px Helvetica; COLOR: #540403"><BR></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0px; FONT: 12px Helvetica; COLOR: #540403">Could this be a
candidate? I'm reading the transcript of Stevan Harnad's presentation:
"Implementing Peer review on the Net: Scientific Quality Control in Scholarly
Electronic Journals" in the Proceedings of the 1993 International Conference
on Refereed Electronic Journals, 1-2 October1993. Winnipeg: University of
Manitoba, 1994, 8.1-8.14, and come across the following excerpt:</P>
<P
style="MARGIN: 0px; MIN-HEIGHT: 14px; FONT: 12px Helvetica; COLOR: #540403"><BR></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0px; FONT: 12px Helvetica; COLOR: #540403">"Enter anonymous
ftp ('file transfer protocol'--a means of retrieving electronic files
interactively). The paper chase proceeds at its usual tempo while an
alternative means of distributing first preprints and then reprints is
implemented electronically. An electronic draft is stored in a 'public'
electronic archive at the author's institution from which anyone in the world
can retrieve at any time?.The reader can now retrieve the paper for himself,
instantly, and without ever needing to bother the author, from anywhere in the
world where the Internet stretches--which is to say, in principle, from any
institution of research or higher learning where a fellow-scholar is likely to
be.</P>
<P
style="MARGIN: 0px; MIN-HEIGHT: 14px; FONT: 12px Helvetica; COLOR: #540403"><BR></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0px; FONT: 12px Helvetica; COLOR: #540403">"Splendid,
n'est-ce pas? The author-scholar's yearning is fulfilled: open access to his
work for the world peer community. The reader-scholar's needs and hopes are
well served: free access to the world scholarly literature (or as free as a
login on the Internet is to an institutionally affiliated academic or
researcher)?." (8.4-8.5)</P>
<P
style="MARGIN: 0px; MIN-HEIGHT: 14px; FONT: 12px Helvetica; COLOR: #540403"><BR></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0px; FONT: 12px Helvetica; COLOR: #540403">The use here is
clearly not yet technical, and yet it has all the earmarks of future
application. The words "access," "open, "and "free" are used repeatedly in the
Proceedings, but I was unable to find any the phrase "open access" was used
elsewhere.</P>
<P
style="MARGIN: 0px; MIN-HEIGHT: 14px; FONT: 12px Helvetica; COLOR: #540403"><BR></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0px; FONT: 12px Helvetica; COLOR: #540403">I suppose the
next question would be: At what point did this informal and (perhaps)
coincidental use become formalized into a technical signifier?</P>
<P
style="MARGIN: 0px; MIN-HEIGHT: 14px; FONT: 12px Helvetica; COLOR: #540403"><BR></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0px; FONT: 12px Helvetica; COLOR: #540403">Curious and
interested.</P>
<P
style="MARGIN: 0px; MIN-HEIGHT: 14px; FONT: 12px Helvetica; COLOR: #540403"><BR></P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0px; FONT: 12px Helvetica; COLOR: #540403">Gary F.
Daught</P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0px; FONT: 12px Helvetica; COLOR: #540403">Omega Alpha |
Open Access</P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0px; FONT: 12px Helvetica; COLOR: #540403"><A
href="http://oaopenaccess.wordpress.com">http://oaopenaccess.wordpress.com</A> </P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0px; FONT: 12px Helvetica; COLOR: #540403">Advocate for open
access academic publishing in religion and theology</P>
<P style="MARGIN: 0px; FONT: 12px Helvetica; COLOR: #540403">oa.openaccess@ <A
href="http://gmail.com">gmail.com</A> | @OAopenaccess</P>
<P>
<HR>
<P></P>_______________________________________________<BR>GOAL mailing
list<BR>GOAL@eprints.org<BR>http://mailman.ecs.soton.ac.uk/mailman/listinfo/goal<BR></BLOCKQUOTE></BODY></HTML>