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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Comic Sans MS";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue">In the summer of 2001, I was commissioned by WHO to write a paper summarizing the spate of “free and
low cost initiatives” that had appeared on the publishing horizon and their possible benefits to developing countries. Looking back through my archives I see that, with a consultant’s magpie instinct, my first title for the study was “Open Access Initiatives”,
and the term “open access” occurs frequently throughout the paper – evidence that quite a few people must have been calling it that in early 2001 (I certainly didn’t come up with the term!).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Comic Sans MS";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Comic Sans MS";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue">Don’t forget that, at the time, “open” initiatives were the new black – open source, open knowledge,
open archives, even open money!<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Comic Sans MS";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Comic Sans MS";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue">Chris<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:navy;mso-no-proof:yes">______________________________________________</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-no-proof:yes"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:navy;mso-no-proof:yes">Chris Zielinski<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:navy;mso-no-proof:yes">WHO Regional Office for
</span></b><b><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-no-proof:yes"><ns0:place><span style="color:navy">Africa</span></ns0:place><span style="color:navy">
<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:navy;mso-no-proof:yes">TOffice:</span></b><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:navy;mso-no-proof:yes">
+47 241 39935</span><span style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:navy;mso-no-proof:yes">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal">THome<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">:
</span></b></span><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:navy;mso-no-proof:yes">+47 241 39400</span><span style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:navy;mso-no-proof:yes">
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:navy;mso-no-proof:yes">M</span></b><b><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:navy;mso-no-proof:yes">:</span></b><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:navy;mso-no-proof:yes">
+242-068 29 79 49 <b>F:</b> +47 241 39503</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-no-proof:yes"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Comic Sans MS";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-US">From:</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-US">
goal-bounces@eprints.org [mailto:goal-bounces@eprints.org] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Jan Velterop<br>
<b>Sent:</b> 07 August 2012 17:11<br>
<b>To:</b> Global Open Access List (Successor of AmSci)<br>
<b>Cc:</b> Omega Alpha | Open Access<br>
<b>Subject:</b> [GOAL] Re: First use of the phrase "open access"?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"">Gary,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman""><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"">About half a year before the BOAI meeting in December of 2001, in the early summer of 2001, BioMed Central already used
the term on its web site ("</span></span><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"">BioMed Central's unshakeable commitment to open access.<span class="apple-style-span">"). And ever since. See Wayback Machine
9 July 2001: </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#1A1A1A;mso-ansi-language:EN-US"><a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20010709143907/http:/www.biomedcentral.com/">http://web.archive.org/web/20010709143907/http://www.biomedcentral.com/</a>.</span></span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman""><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman""><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#1A1A1A;mso-ansi-language:EN-US">Best,</span></span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman""><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman""><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span class="apple-style-span"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#1A1A1A;mso-ansi-language:EN-US">Jan Velterop</span></span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman""><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman""><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman""><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"">On 7 Aug 2012, at 00:29, Omega Alpha | Open Access wrote:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"">Greetings. Does anyone know who/when first used the phrase "open access" to refer to toll free publication and/or access to scholarly literature, though not necessarily yet as a technical
term?<br>
<br>
Could this be a candidate? I'm reading the transcript of Stevan Harnad's presentation: "Implementing Peer review on the Net: Scientific Quality Control in Scholarly Electronic Journals" in the Proceedings of the 1993 International Conference on Refereed Electronic
Journals, 1-2 October1993. Winnipeg: University of Manitoba, 1994, 8.1-8.14, and come across the following excerpt:<br>
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"Enter anonymous ftp ('file transfer protocol'--a means of retrieving electronic files interactively). The paper chase proceeds at its usual tempo while an alternative means of distributing first preprints and then reprints is implemented electronically. An
electronic draft is stored in a 'public' electronic archive at the author's institution from which anyone in the world can retrieve at any time….The reader can now retrieve the paper for himself, instantly, and without ever needing to bother the author, from
anywhere in the world where the Internet stretches--which is to say, in principle, from any institution of research or higher learning where a fellow-scholar is likely to be.<br>
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"Splendid, n'est-ce pas? The author-scholar's yearning is fulfilled: open access to his work for the world peer community. The reader-scholar's needs and hopes are well served: free access to the world scholarly literature (or as free as a login on the Internet
is to an institutionally affiliated academic or researcher)…." (8.4-8.5)<br>
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The use here is clearly not yet technical, and yet it has all the earmarks of future application. The words "access," "open, "and "free" are used repeatedly in the Proceedings, but I was unable to find any the phrase "open access" was used elsewhere.<br>
<br>
I suppose the next question would be: At what point did this informal and (perhaps) coincidental use become formalized into a technical signifier?<br>
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Curious and interested.<br>
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Gary F. <span class="SpellE">Daught</span><br>
Omega Alpha | Open Access<br>
<a href="http://oaopenaccess.wordpress.com">http://oaopenaccess.wordpress.com</a>
<br>
Advocate for open access academic publishing in religion and theology<br>
<span class="SpellE">oa.openaccess</span>@ <a href="http://gmail.com">gmail.com</a> | @<span class="SpellE">OAopenaccess</span><br>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman""><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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