<html xmlns:v="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:m="http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/2004/12/omml" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=us-ascii">
<meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 12 (filtered medium)">
<base href="x-msg://142/"><!--[if !mso]><style>v\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
o\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
w\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
.shape {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
</style><![endif]--><style><!--
/* Font Definitions */
@font-face
{font-family:Helvetica;
panose-1:2 11 6 4 2 2 2 2 2 4;}
@font-face
{font-family:Helvetica;
panose-1:2 11 6 4 2 2 2 2 2 4;}
@font-face
{font-family:Calibri;
panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4;}
@font-face
{font-family:Tahoma;
panose-1:2 11 6 4 3 5 4 4 2 4;}
/* Style Definitions */
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
{margin:0cm;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";}
a:link, span.MsoHyperlink
{mso-style-priority:99;
color:blue;
text-decoration:underline;}
a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed
{mso-style-priority:99;
color:purple;
text-decoration:underline;}
p.MsoAcetate, li.MsoAcetate, div.MsoAcetate
{mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-link:"Balloon Text Char";
margin:0cm;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
font-size:8.0pt;
font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";}
span.apple-tab-span
{mso-style-name:apple-tab-span;}
span.apple-style-span
{mso-style-name:apple-style-span;}
span.apple-converted-space
{mso-style-name:apple-converted-space;}
span.EmailStyle20
{mso-style-type:personal-reply;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D;}
span.BalloonTextChar
{mso-style-name:"Balloon Text Char";
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-link:"Balloon Text";
font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";}
.MsoChpDefault
{mso-style-type:export-only;
font-size:10.0pt;}
@page WordSection1
{size:612.0pt 792.0pt;
margin:72.0pt 72.0pt 72.0pt 72.0pt;}
div.WordSection1
{page:WordSection1;}
--></style><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapedefaults v:ext="edit" spidmax="1026" />
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapelayout v:ext="edit">
<o:idmap v:ext="edit" data="1" />
</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]-->
</head>
<body lang="EN-GB" link="blue" vlink="purple">
<div class="WordSection1">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">The commons, common pastures, forests, lakes, rivers and the seas (better: our environment and our planet) used to be public goods par excellence and to some
degree they still are. However they degrade or collaps when overused or privatised without due regard for sustainability and informed public stewardship.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Publicly funded research results on digital networks we agree with Paul are public goods that increases with their use use.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">What about privately funded research results? They are not so different. If patented they move into the public domain only after about 20 years of privileged
use. Society could debate different (shorter) time spans and limited privileged use to increase the common use and to appreciate or validate the contribution of the underlying public scientific base. Pharmaceutical results are quite prominent in this as their
gainful use may adversely affect the health of many millions of people. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">(just read
<a href="http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/en/">http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/en/</a> )<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Cultural objects such as literature, film, music and the like that can be distributed as easily over internet as research results enjoy much longer and much
more effective protection. Also their use is not only of private interest and the common use copyrights (for example: creative commons) address this point. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">ACTA, the
</span><span lang="EN" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement is the present way of gaining back lost territory of private interests.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">The ongoing political debate is of great interest also for GOAL since ACTA is set out to roll back the achievements of OA.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">And the debate is much more public: Emerging “pirate”-parties in countries such as Germany certainly have aroused the interest of traditional political
parties. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Should this list get involved in the wider debate?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Best regards . . Hans F. Hoffmann</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<div>
<div style="border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm">
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"">From:</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif""> goal-bounces@eprints.org [mailto:goal-bounces@eprints.org]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>R. Stephen Berry<br>
<b>Sent:</b> 11 February 2012 12:31<br>
<b>To:</b> Global Open Access List (Successor of AmSci); Paul Uhlir<br>
<b>Subject:</b> [GOAL] Re: Nice blog post on OA<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Dear Paul,<o:p></o:p></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span class="apple-tab-span"> </span>Scientific information is a very special kind of public good. In general, the value of public goods does not decrease as the goods are used. With scientific information, the value
<i>increases</i> with use, so there is a very strong positive feedback that makes open distribution of scientific information one of the best things a society can do for itself.<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span class="apple-tab-span"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span class="apple-tab-span"> </span>Best regards,<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span class="apple-tab-span"> </span>Steve<o:p></o:p></p>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">On Feb 10, 2012, at 5:52 PM, Uhlir, Paul wrote:<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></p>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black">Not bad, except in economic terms, food is a private good (it is rivalrous and can be excluded, and can only be consumed only once), whereas publicly-funded research
results (articles, data) on digital networks are public goods (they are non-rival and difficult or inefficient to exclude, since the value increases with use). So the situation is actually much worse than the analogy leads one to conclude.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black">Paul<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div id="divRpF400871">
<div class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black">
<hr size="2" width="100%" align="center">
</span></div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black">From:</span></b><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black"> </span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:black"><a href="mailto:goal-bounces@eprints.org">goal-bounces@eprints.org</a><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>[goal-bounces@eprints.org]
On Behalf Of CHARLES OPPENHEIM [c.oppenheim@btinternet.com]<br>
<b>Sent:</b><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Friday, February 10, 2012 6:53 AM<br>
<b>To:</b><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>GlobalOpen Access List ( Successor of Am Sci)<br>
<b>Subject:</b><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>[GOAL] Nice blog post on OA<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black"><a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/blog/2012/feb/10/parable-farmers-teleporting-duplicator?CMP=twt_gu">http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/blog/2012/feb/10/parable-farmers-teleporting-duplicator?CMP=twt_gu</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black">Very nice analogy!<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black">Charles<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background:white"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black">Professor Charles Oppenheim<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"">_______________________________________________<br>
GOAL mailing list<br>
<a href="mailto:GOAL@eprints.org">GOAL@eprints.org</a><br>
<a href="http://mailman.ecs.soton.ac.uk/mailman/listinfo/goal">http://mailman.ecs.soton.ac.uk/mailman/listinfo/goal</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>