<div dir="ltr"><b style="color:rgb(51,51,51);font-family:verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:13px">What OA Needs Is More Action, Not More Definition</b><br style="color:rgb(51,51,51);font-family:verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:13px">
<br style="color:rgb(51,51,51);font-family:verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:13px"><span style="color:rgb(51,51,51);font-family:verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:13px">For the record: I renounce (and have long renounced) the </span><a href="http://www.budapestopenaccessinitiative.org/read" style="color:rgb(0,51,102);font-family:verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:13px">original 2002 BOAI (and BBB) definition of Open Access</a><span style="color:rgb(51,51,51);font-family:verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:13px">(OA) (even though I was one of the original co-drafters and co-signers of BOAI) in favour of its </span><a href="http://openaccess.eprints.org/index.php?/archives/442-guid.html" style="color:rgb(0,51,102);font-family:verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:13px">2008 revision <em>(sic)</em> as Gratis OA (free online access) and Libre OA</a><span style="color:rgb(51,51,51);font-family:verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:13px"> (free online access plus certain re-use rights, e.g., CC-BY). </span><br style="color:rgb(51,51,51);font-family:verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:13px">
<br style="color:rgb(51,51,51);font-family:verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:13px"><span style="color:rgb(51,51,51);font-family:verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:13px">The original BOAI definition was improvised. Over a decade of subsequent evidence, experience and reflection have now made it clear that this first approximation in 2002 was needlessly over-reaching and (insofar as Green OA self-archiving was concerned) incoherent (except if we were prepared to declare almost all Green OA — which was and still is by far the largest and most reachable body of OA — as not being OA!). The original BOAI/BBB definition has since also become an obstacle to the growth of (Green, Gratis) OA as well as a point of counterproductive schism and formalism in the OA movement that have not been to the benefit of OA (but to the benefit of the opponents of OA, or to the publishers that want to ensure -- via Green OA embargoes -- that the only path to OA should be one that preserves their current revenue streams: </span><a href="https://www.google.com/webhp?tbm=blg&gws_rd=ssl#q=harnad+fool's+gold+&tbm=blg" style="color:rgb(0,51,102);font-family:verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:13px">Fool's Gold OA</a><span style="color:rgb(51,51,51);font-family:verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:13px">).</span><br style="color:rgb(51,51,51);font-family:verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:13px">
<br style="color:rgb(51,51,51);font-family:verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:13px"><span style="color:rgb(51,51,51);font-family:verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:13px">I would like to agree with Richard Poynder that OA needs some sort of "authoritative" organization -- but of whom should that authoritative organization consist? My inclination is that it should be the providers and users of the OA research itself, namely peer-reviewed journal article authors, their institutions and their funders. Their “definition” of OA would certainly be authoritative.</span><br style="color:rgb(51,51,51);font-family:verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:13px">
<br style="color:rgb(51,51,51);font-family:verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:13px"><span style="color:rgb(51,51,51);font-family:verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:13px">Let me close by emphasizing that I too see Libre OA as desirable and inevitable. But my belief (and it has plenty of supporting evidence) is that the only way to get to Libre OA is for all institutions and funders to mandate (and provide) Gratis Green OA first — not to quibble or squabble about the BOAI/BBB “definition” of OA, or their favorite flavours of Libre OA licenses.</span><br style="color:rgb(51,51,51);font-family:verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:13px">
<br style="color:rgb(51,51,51);font-family:verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:13px"><span style="color:rgb(51,51,51);font-family:verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:13px">My only difference with Paul Royster is that the primary target for OA is peer-reviewed journal articles, and for that it is not just repositories that are needed, but Green OA mandates from authors’ institutions and funders.</span><br style="color:rgb(51,51,51);font-family:verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:13px">
<br style="color:rgb(51,51,51);font-family:verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:13px"><strong style="color:rgb(51,51,51);font-family:verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:13px">P.S. </strong><span style="color:rgb(51,51,51);font-family:verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:13px">To forestall yet another round of definitional wrangling: Even an effective Gratis Green OA mandate requires some compromises, namely, if authors elect to comply with a publisher embargo on Green OA, they need merely deposit the final, refereed, revised draft in their institutional repository immediately upon acceptance for publication -- and set the access as "restricted access" instead of OA during the (allowable) embargo. The repository's </span><a href="https://www.google.com/webhp?tbm=blg&gws_rd=ssl#q=harnad+Button&tbm=blg" style="color:rgb(0,51,102);font-family:verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:13px">automated email copy-request Button</a><span style="color:rgb(51,51,51);font-family:verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:13px"> will allow any user to request and any author to provide a single copy for research purposes during the embargo with one click each. (We call this compromise "Almost-OA." It is a workaround for the 40% of journals that embargo Gratis Green OA; and this too is a necessary first step on the road to 100% immediate Green Gratis OA and onward. I hope no one will now call for a formal definition of "Almost-OA" before we can take action on mandating OA...)</span><br>
</div><div class="gmail_extra"><br><br><div class="gmail_quote">On Mon, Sep 1, 2014 at 12:52 PM, Stevan Harnad <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:harnad@ecs.soton.ac.uk" target="_blank">harnad@ecs.soton.ac.uk</a>></span> wrote:<br>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div style="word-wrap:break-word">On Sep 1, 2014, at 11:19 AM, Stephen Downes <<a href="mailto:stephen@DOWNES.CA" target="_blank">stephen@DOWNES.CA</a>> wrote:<br>
<div><br><blockquote type="cite"><div lang="EN-CA" link="#0563C1" vlink="#954F72" style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;line-height:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px">
<div><div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="color:rgb(31,73,125)">Some really important discussion here. In particular, I would argue (with this article) that the insistence on CC-by (which allows commercial reuse) comes not from actual proponents of open access, but by commercial publishers promoting their own interests.<span> </span><a href="http://www.downes.ca/post/62708" style="color:rgb(149,79,114);text-decoration:underline" target="_blank">http://www.downes.ca/post/62708</a></span></div>
</div></div></blockquote><div><br></div>Actually, it’s much more complicated than that. Journal publishers (both commercial and learned-society) have conflicts of interest with Green OA -- both Gratis (free for all online) and Libre (free for all online <u>plus</u> re-use rights, especially commercial re-use rights). </div>
<div><br></div><div>And, on top of that, there are impatient researchers militating uncompromisingly for Libre OA in certain fields that would especially benefit from Libre OA re-use rights. </div><div><br></div><div>And there are the Gold OA publishers that want to promote their product by lionizing the benefits of Libre OA and deprecating Gratis OA, whether from author self-archiving (Gratis Green) or rival Gold OA and hybrid publishers (Gratis Gold). </div>
<div><br></div><div>And often, alas, the library community, including SPARC, does not understand either, and needlessly complicates things wtill further.</div><div><br></div><div>Let me simplify: Libre OA (free for all online <u>plus</u> re-use rights) is Gratis OA (free for all online) PLUS re-use rights. Libre OA asks for MORE than Gratis OA. Hence Libre OA faces far more obstacles than Gratis OA.</div>
<div><br></div><div><i>Yet we are nowhere near having even Gratis OA yet:</i> Around 30% in most fields, especially during the first 12 months of publication (mainly because of publisher embargoes — on Gratis OA — but also because of (groundless) author fears). </div>
<div><br></div><div><i>That’s why Gratis Green OA mandates are urgently needed from institutions and funders, worldwide.</i></div><div><br></div><div>Once we have 100% Gratis Green OA globally, all the rest will come: Fair-Gold OA and all the re-use rights researchers want and need.</div>
<div><br></div><div>But as long as we keep fussing and focussing pre-emptively and compulsively on Libre OA re-use rights (and Fool’s Gold OA) instead of mandating Gratis Green, we will keep getting next to no OA at all, of either kind, as now.</div>
<div><br></div><div>And all it requires is a tiny bit of thought to see why this is so. (But for some reason, many people prefer to fulminate instead, about the relative virtues of Gratis vs Libre, Green vs Gold, and CC-BY vs non-commercial CC-BY.)</div>
<div><br></div><div>Let’s hope that the institutions and funding agencies will get their acts together soon. At least 20 years of OA have already been needlessly lost…</div><div><br></div><div>Dixit,</div><div><br></div><div>
Stevan Harnad</div><div>Exceedingly Weary Archivangelist</div><div><br></div><div><br><blockquote type="cite"><div lang="EN-CA" link="#0563C1" vlink="#954F72" style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;line-height:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px">
<div><div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="color:rgb(31,73,125)"><u></u><u></u></span></div><div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">
<b style="font-size:11pt"><span lang="EN-US">From:</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11pt"> Repositories discussion list [<a href="mailto:JISC-REPOSITORIES@JISCMAIL.AC.UK" style="color:rgb(149,79,114)" target="_blank">mailto:JISC-REPOSITORIES@JISCMAIL.AC.UK</a>] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Richard Poynder</span></div>
<div><div style="border-style:solid none none;border-top-color:rgb(225,225,225);border-top-width:1pt;padding:3pt 0cm 0cm"><div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span lang="EN-US"><b>Sent:</b><span> </span>September-01-14 8:20 AM<br>
<b>To:</b><span> </span><a href="mailto:JISC-REPOSITORIES@JISCMAIL.AC.UK" style="color:rgb(149,79,114);text-decoration:underline" target="_blank">JISC-REPOSITORIES@JISCMAIL.AC.UK</a><br><b>Subject:</b><span> </span>The Open Access Interviews: Paul Royster, Coordinator of Scholarly Communications, University of Nebraska-Lincoln<u></u><u></u></span></div>
</div></div><div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><u></u> <u></u></div><div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span lang="EN-GB">Paul Royster is proud of what he has achieved with his institutional repository. Currently, it contains 73,000 full-text items, of which more than 60,000 are freely accessible to the world. This, says Royster, makes it the second largest institutional repository in the US, and it receives around<u></u><u></u></span></div>
<div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span lang="EN-GB">500,000 downloads per month, with around 30% of those going to international users.<u></u><u></u></span></div><div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">
<span lang="EN-GB"> </span></div><div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span lang="EN-GB">Unsurprisingly, Royster always assumed that he was in the vanguard of the OA movement, and that fellow OA advocates attached considerable value to the work he was doing.<u></u><u></u></span></div>
<div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></div><div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span lang="EN-GB">All this changed in 2012, when he attended an open access meeting organised by SPARC in Kansas City. At that meeting, he says, he was startled to hear SPARC announce to delegates that henceforth the sine qua non of open access is that a work has to be made available with a CC BY licence or equivalent attached.<u></u><u></u></span></div>
<div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></div><div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span lang="EN-GB">After the meeting Royster sought to clarify the situation with SPARC, explaining the problems that its insistence on CC BY presented for repository managers like him, since it is generally not possible to make self-archived works available on a CC BY basis (not least because the copyright will invariably have been assigned to a publisher). Unfortunately, he says, his concerns fell on deaf ears.<u></u><u></u></span></div>
<div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></div><div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span lang="EN-GB">The only conclusion Royster could reach is that the OA movement no longer views what he is doing as open access. As he puts it, “[O]ur work in promulgating Green OA (which normally does not convey re-use rights) and our free-access publishing under non-exclusive permission-to-publish (i.e., non-CC) agreements was henceforth disqualified.”<u></u><u></u></span></div>
<div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></div><div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span lang="EN-GB">If correct, what is striking here is the implication that institutional repositories can no longer claim to be providing open access.<u></u><u></u></span></div>
<div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></div><div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span lang="EN-GB">In fact, if one refers to the most frequently cited definitions of open access one discovers that what SPARC told Royster would seem to be in order. Although it was written before the Creative Commons licences were released, for instance, the definition of open access authored by those who launched the Budapest Open Access Initiative (BOAI) in 2001 clearly seems to describe the same terms as those expressed in the CC BY licence.<u></u><u></u></span></div>
<div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></div><div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span lang="EN-GB">What this means, of course, is that green OA does not meet the requirements of the BOAI — even though BOAI cited green OA as one of its “complementary strategies” for achieving open access.<u></u><u></u></span></div>
<div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></div><div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span lang="EN-GB">Since most of the OA movement’s claimed successes are green successes this is particularly ironic. But given this, is it not pure pedantry to worry about what appears to be a logical inconsistency at the heart of the OA movement? No, not in light of the growing insistence that only CC BY will do. If nothing else, it is alienating some of the movement’s best allies — people like Paul Royster for instance. <u></u><u></u></span></div>
<div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></div><div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span lang="EN-GB">“I no longer call or think of myself as an advocate for ‘open access,’ since the specific definition of that term excludes most of what we do in our repository,” says Royster. “I used to think the term meant ‘free to access, download, and store without charge, registration, log-in, etc.,’ but I have been disabused of that notion.”<u></u><u></u></span></div>
<div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></div><div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span lang="EN-GB">For that reason, he says, “My current attitude regarding OA is to step away and leave it alone; it does some good, despite what I see as its feet of clay. I am not ‘against’ it, but I don't feel inspired to promote a cause that makes the repositories second-class members.”<u></u><u></u></span></div>
<div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></div><div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span lang="EN-GB">How could this strange state of affairs have arisen? And why has it only really become an issue now, over a decade after the BOAI definition was penned?<u></u><u></u></span></div>
<div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></div><div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span lang="EN-GB">More here:<u></u><u></u></span></div>
<div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://poynder.blogspot.co.uk/2014/08/the-open-access-interviews-paul-royster.html" style="color:rgb(149,79,114);text-decoration:underline" target="_blank">http://poynder.blogspot.co.uk/2014/08/the-open-access-interviews-paul-royster.html</a></span></div>
</div></div></blockquote></div><br></div></blockquote></div><br></div>